What is Diabetes?

Ones is determined to have diabetes is when his/her pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. 

Insulin is a hormone that controls blood sugar level. Hyperglycemia (raised blood sugar), is a common effect of uncontrolled diabetes and over time leads to damage to many of the body's systems, especially the nerves and blood vessels.

How many type of diabetes out there and what are the symptoms?
  Diabetes Type

Symptom

Type 1 Diabetes or insulin-dependent

Excessive emission of urine, thirst, constant hunger, weight loss, vision change and fatigue.

Type 2 Diabetes or non-insulin-dependent

Similar to those of Type 1 diabetes, but are often less marked. As a result, it may be diagnosed few years after onset, once complications have already arisen.

Recently, also seen occurring in obese children.

Gestational Diabetes

Similar to Type 2 diabetes. Often diagnosed through prenatal screening, rather than reported symptoms.

Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) and Impaired Fasting Glycemia (IFG)

Intermediate conditions in the transition between normality and diabetes. High risk of progressing to type 2 diabetes.

What are the consequences of diabetes?

Diabetic retinopathy is an important cause of blindness, and occurs as a result of long-term accumulated damage to the small blood vessels in the retina. Diabetic neuropathy is damage to the nerves as a result of diabetes, common symptoms are tingling, pain, numbness, or weakness in the feet and hands.Combined with reduced blood flow, neuropathy in the feet increases the chance of foot ulcers and eventual limb amputation.Diabetes is among the leading causes of kidney failure.Diabetes increases the risk of heart disease and stroke.

How to control blood glucose level at acceptable range?

To help prevent type 2 diabetes and its complications, people should:

Achieve and maintain healthy body weight.Be physically active - at least 30 minutes of regular, moderate-intensity activity on most days. More activity is required for weight controlEarly diagnosis can be accomplished through periodical blood testing.Treatment of diabetes involves lowering blood glucose and the levels of other known risk factors that damage to blood vessels. Tobacco cessation is also important to avoid complications.

Some numerical facts on diabetes.

World Health Organization (WHO) estimates more than 180 million people worldwide have diabetes, it will be doubled by 2030.Global excess mortality attributed to diabetes is estimated at 2.9 million deaths, which is equivalent to 5.2% of world all-cause mortality in the year 2000.Globally, diabetes is likely to be the fifth leading cause of death.Almost 80% of diabetes deaths occur in low and middle-income countries.Almost half of diabetes deaths occur in people under the age of 70 years; 55% of diabetes deaths are in women.Diabetes deaths are projected to increase by over 80% in upper-middle income countries between 2006 and 2015.


Prevalence of Diabetes around the world
        2000 2030   World 171,000,000 366,000,000   Country 2000 2030   Brazil 4,553,000 11,305,000   Canada 2,006,000 3,543,000   Mexico 2,179,000 6,130,000   United States of America 17,702,000 30,312,000   Bangladesh 3,196,000 11,140,000   India 31,705,000 79,441,000   Indonesia 8,426,000 21,257,000   Thailand 1,536,000 2,739,000   China 20,757,000 42,321,000   Japan 6,765,000 8,914,000   Malaysia 942,000 2,479,000   Philippines 2,770,000 7,798,000   Republic of Korea 1,859,000 3,378,000 Source from WHO


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